The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS): Psychometric Evidence

Table 1: Studies Supporting Specific Psychometric Properties

Table 2: Psychometric Properties of the C-SSRS Ideation and Behavior with Coefficients

References for Psychometric Evidence (Tables 1&2)

Al-Halabí, S., Sáiz, P. A., Burón, P., Garrido, M., Benabarre, A., Jiménez, E., … & Muñiz, J. (2016a). Validación de la versión en español de la Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (Escala Columbia para Evaluar el Riesgo de Suicidio).Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental.
Al-Halabi,S., Fernández-Peláez, AD, Burón, P., Riesco, E., Rodríguez-Revuelta, J. Posner, K. Oquendo, M., García-Portilla, MP, Saiz., P. and Bobes, J (September, 2016b). In Search of the Internal Structure of the Columbia Sucidie Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS): A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach. 16th European Symposium on Suicide Suicidal Behavior, Oviedo, Spain.
Arias, S. A., Miller, I., Camargo Jr, C. A., Sullivan, A. F., Goldstein, A. B., Allen, M. H., … & Boudreaux, E. D. (2016). Factors Associated with Suicide Outcomes 12 Months After Screening Positive for Suicide Risk in the Emergency Department.Psychiatric Services, 67 (2): 206-213.
Arias SA, Zhang Z, Hillerns C, Sullivan AF, Boudreaux ED, Miller I, Camargo CA (2014). Using Structured Telephone Follow-up Assessments to Improve Suicide-Related Adverse Event Detection. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior44(5): 537-47.
Brent D, Emslie G, Clarke G, Rosenbaum Asarnow J, Spirito A, Ritz L, Vitiello B, Iyengar S, Birmaher B, Ryan N, Zelazny J, Onorato M, Kennard B, Mayes T, DeBar L, McCracken J, Strober M, Suddath R, Leonard H, Porta G, Keller M (2009) Predictors of Spontaneous and Systematically Assessed Suicidal Adverse Events in the Treatment of SSRI Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) Study. American Journal of Psychiatry 166(4): 418-426.
Bjureberg, J., Dahlin, M., Carlborg, A., Edberg, H., Haglund, A., & Runeson, B. (2021). Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale Screen Version: initial screening for suicide risk in a psychiatric emergency department. Psychological medicine, 1-9.
Brown GK, Currier GW, Jager-Hyman S, et al. (2015) Detection and classification of suicidal behavior and nonsuicidal self-injury behavior in emergency departments.J Clin Psychiatry 76(10):1397–1403.
Campos, A. I., Van Velzen, L. S., Veltman, D. J., Pozzi, E., Ambrogi, S., Ballard, E. D., … & Rentería, M. E. (2021). Concurrent validity and reliability of suicide risk assessment instruments: A meta analysis of 20 instruments across 27 international cohorts. medRxiv.
Conway, P. M., Erlangsen, A., Teasdale, T. W., Jakobsen, I. S., & Larsen, K. J. (2016). Predictive Validity of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale for Short-Term Suicidal Behavior: a Danish study of adolescents at a high risk of suicide.Archives of suicide research, 1-15.
Flamarique, I., Santosh, P., Zuddas, A. et al.Development and psychometric properties of the Suicidality: Treatment Occurring in Paediatrics (STOP) Suicidality Assessment Scale (STOP-SAS) in children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 16, 213 (2016).
Gipson PY, Agarwala P, Opperman KJ, Horwitz A, King CA, (2015). Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Predictive Validity with Adolescent Psychiatric Emergency Patients. Pediatric Emergency Care 31(2): 88-94.
Greist, J. H., Mundt, J. C., Gwaltney, C. J., Jefferson, J. W., & Posner, K. (2014). Predictive Value of Baseline Electronic Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale (eC–SSRS) Assessments for Identifying Risk of Prospective Reports of Suicidal Behavior During Research Participation. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 11(9-10), 23–31.
Gwaltney, C., Mundt, J. C., Greist, J. H., Paty, J., & Tiplady, B. (2017). Interactive Voice Response and Text-based Self-report Versions of the Electronic Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale Are Equivalent. Innovations in clinical neuroscience, 14(3-4), 17.
Harvey, P. D., Posner, K., Rajeevan, N., Yershova, K. V., Aslan, M., & Concato, J. (2018). Suicidal ideation and behavior in US veterans with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research.
Hill, R. M., Hatkevich, C. E., Kazimi, I., & Sharp, C. (2017). The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Associations between interrupted, aborted, and actual suicide attempts among adolescent inpatients. Psychiatry research, 255, 338-340.
Hesdorffer DC, French, JA, Posner K, DiVentura B, Pollard J, Sperling MR, Harden CL, Krauss GL, Kanner AM (2013). Suicidal Ideation and behavior screening in intractable focal epilepsy eligible for drug trials. Epilepsia 54(5): 879-87.
Horwitz, A. G., Czyz, E. K., & King, C. A. (2015). Predicting future suicide attempts among adolescent and emerging adult psychiatric emergency patients.Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44(5), 751-761.
Ionescu, D. F., Swee, M. B., Pavone, K. J., Taylor, N., Akeju, O., Baer, L., … & Brown, E. N. (2016). Rapid and sustained reductions in current suicidal ideation following repeated doses of intravenous ketamine: secondary analysis of an open-label study.The Journal of clinical psychiatry.
Jang HA, Park EH, Jon DI, Park HJ, Hong HJ, Jung MH, et al. 2014. Validation of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale in Depression Patient. Kor J Clin Psychol. 33:183–188.
Kerr DCR, Gibson B, Leve LD, DeGarmo DS (2013). Young Adult Follow-up of Adolescent Girls in Juvenile Justice Using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior 44(2): 113-129.
Kerr, D. C., DeGarmo, D. S., Leve, L. D., & Chamberlain, P. (2014). Juvenile justice girls’ depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation 9 years after multidimensional treatment foster care. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(4), 684.
King, C. A., Grupp‐Phelan, J., Brent, D., Dean, J. M., Webb, M., Bridge, J. A., … & Rea, M. (2019). Predicting 3‐month risk for adolescent suicide attempts among pediatric emergency department patients. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry.
Kilincaslan, A., Gunes, A., Eskin, M., & Madan, A. (2018). Linguistic adaptation and psychometric properties of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale among a heterogeneous sample of adolescents in Turkey. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 0091217418791454.
Legarreta, M., Graham, J., North, L., Bueler, C. E., McGlade, E., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2015). DSM–5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms associated with suicide behaviors in veterans. Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice, and policy, 7(3), 277.
Lindh ÅU, Dahlin M, Beckman K, Strömsten L, Jokinen J, Wiktorsson S, Renberg ES, Waern M, Runeson B. A (2019) Comparison of Suicide Risk Scales in Predicting Repeat Suicide Attempt and Suicide: A Clinical Cohort Study. J Clin Psychiatry
Madan, A., Frueh, B. C., Allen, J. G., Ellis, T. E., Rufino, K. A., Oldham, J. M., & Fowler, J. C. (2016). Psychometric reevaluation of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: findings from a prospective, inpatient cohort of severely mentally ill adults.Journal of clinical psychiatry, 77(7), e867-e873.
Matarazzo, B. B., Brown, G. K., Stanley, B., Forster, J. E., Billera, M., Currier, G. W., … & Brenner, L. A. (2018). Predictive Validity of the Columbia‐Suicide Severity Rating Scale among a Cohort of At‐risk Veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior.
Mundt JC, Greist JH, Jefferson JW, Federica M, Mann JJ, Posner K (2013). Prediction of Suicidal Behavior in Clinical research by Lifetime Suicidal ideation and Behavior Ascertained by the Electronic Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 74(9):887-93.
Posner K, Brown GK, Stanley B, Brent DA, Yershova KV, Oquendo MA, Currier GW, Melvin GA, Greenhill L, Shen S, Mann JJ (2011). The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Initial Validity and Internal Consistency Findings from Three Multisite Studies with Adolescents and Adults. American Journal of Psychiatry 168(12): 1266-77.
Park, C. H. K., Kim, H., Kim, B., Kim, E. Y., Lee, H. J., Kim, D., & Ahn, Y. M. (2019). Predicting Planned Suicide Attempts With the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: A Subanalysis of the 2013 Korea National Suicide Survey on Emergency Department Visitors. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 207(2), 59-68.
Park, E. H., Hong, N., Jon, D. I., Hong, H. J., & Jung, M. H. (2017). Past suicidal ideation as an independent risk factor for suicide behaviours in patients with depression. International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice, 21(1), 24-28.
Prakash, A., Lobo, E., Kratochvil, C. J., Tamura, R. N., Pangallo, B. A., Bullok, K. E., … & March, J. S. (2012). An open-label safety and pharmacokinetics study of duloxetine in pediatric patients with major depression.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 22(1), 48-55.
Tabares, J. V., Butner, J. E., Bryan, C. J., & A. Harris, J. (2020). Mokken Scale Analysis of Lifetime Responses on the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale’s Severity of Ideation Subscale. Assessment, 1073191120913626.
Viguera, A. C., Milano, N., Laurel, R., Thompson, N. R., Griffith, S. D., Baldessarini, R. J., & Katzan, I. L. (2015). Comparison of electronic screening for suicidal risk with the Patient Health Questionnaire Item 9 and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale in an outpatient psychiatric clinic.Psychosomatics, 56(5), 460-469.
Youngstrom, E. A., Hameed, A., Mitchell, M. A., Van Meter, A. R., Freeman, A. J., Algorta, G. P., … & Meyer, R. E. (2015). Direct comparison of the psychometric properties of multiple interview and patient-rated assessments of suicidal ideation and behavior in an adult psychiatric inpatient sample.The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 76(12), 1676-1682.

Other predictive validity studies:

Wilimitis, D., Turer, R. W., Ripperger, M., McCoy, A. B., Sperry, S. H., Fielstein, E. M., … & Walsh, C. G. (2022). Integration of face-to-face screening with real-time machine learning to predict risk of suicide among adults. JAMA network open, 5(5), e2212095-e2212095.

Scoing and Data Analysis Guides

Nilsson, M. E., Suryawanshi, S., Gassmann-Mayer, C., Dubrava, S., McSorley, P., & Jiang, K. (2013). Columbia–suicide severity rating scale scoring and data analysis guide. CSSRS Scoring Version, 2, 1-13.
Crowe, B., Xia, A., Nilsson, M., Shahin, S., Wang, W., & Jiang, Q. (2015). The program safety analysis plan: An implementation guide. Quantitative Evaluation of Safety in Drug Development: Design, Analysis, and Reporting, 55-68

Resource Utilization

Syndergaard, S., Borger, J., Klenzak, S., Grello, A., & Adams, A. (2022). Implementation of Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) as a universal suicide risk screening tool in a high volume emergency department. Archives of suicide research, 1-11.

Linguistic and Psychometric Validation of the C-SSRS Translations

Gratalup, G., Fernander, N., Fuller, D.S. and Posner, K (2013). Translation of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale for Use in 33 Countries. ISCTM 9th Annual Scientific Meeting, Washington D.C.
Al-Halabí, S., Sáiz, P. A., Burón, P., Garrido, M., Benabarre, A., Jiménez, E., … & Muñiz, J. (2016). Validación de la versión en español de la Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (Escala Columbia para Evaluar el Riesgo de Suicidio). Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 9(3), 134-142.
Al-Halabi, S., Fernández-Peláez, AD, Burón, P., Riesco, E., Rodríguez-Revuelta, J. Posner, K. Oquendo, M., García-Portilla, MP, Saiz., P. and Bobes, J (September, 2016). In Search of the Internal Structure of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS): A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach. 16th European Symposium on Suicide Suicidal Behavior, Oviedo, Spain. [Spanish]
Conway, P. M., Erlangsen, A., Teasdale, T. W., Jakobsen, I. S., & Larsen, K. J. (2016). Predictive Validity of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale for Short-Term Suicidal Behavior: a Danish study of adolescents at a high risk of suicide.Archives of suicide research, 1-15.
Gunes A, Kilincaslan A, Eskin M (2015). Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale Among 12-18 year-old adolescents in Turkey. AACAP 62nd Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
Pai, D., Woo, J. M., Son, M. H., & Lee, C. (2015). The Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale in Alcohol Dependent Patients.Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 54(2), 222-227.
Serrani Azcurra, D. (2017). Psychometric validation of the Columbia-Suicide Severity rating scale in Spanish-speaking adolescents. Colombia Médica, 48(4), 174-182.

Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale Versions

(adapted versions)

C-SSRS Clinical Practice Screener

Bjureberg, J., Dahlin, M., Carlborg, A., Edberg, H., Haglund, A., & Runeson, B. (2021). Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale Screen Version: initial screening for suicide risk in a psychiatric emergency department. Psychological medicine, 1-9.
Katz, I., Barry, C. N., Cooper, S. A., Kasprow, W. J., & Hoff, R. A. (2019). Use of the Columbia‐Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C‐SSRS) in a large sample of Veterans receiving mental health services in the Veterans Health Administration. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior.
Brahmbhatt, K., Kurtz, B. P., Afzal, K. I., Giles, L. L., Kowal, E. D., Johnson, K. P., … & Workgroup, P. (2019). Suicide risk screening in pediatric hospitals: clinical pathways to address a global health crisis. Psychosomatics, 60(1), 1-9.
Keaton, S. A., Madaj, Z. B., Heilman, P., Smart, L., Grit, J., Gibbons, R., … & Brundin, L. (2019). An inflammatory profile linked to increased suicide risk. Journal of affective disorders, 247, 57-65.
Imran, J. B., Richmond, R. E., Madni, T. D., Roaten, K., Clark, A. T., Huang, E., … & Eastman, A. L. (2018). Determining Suicide Risk in Trauma Patients Using a Universal Screening Program. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery.
Henderson, J. L., Cheung, A., Cleverley, K., Chaim, G., Moretti, M. E., de Oliveira, C., … & Herzog, T. (2017). Integrated collaborative care teams to enhance service delivery to youth with mental health and substance use challenges: protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 7(2).
Roaten, K., Johnson, C., Genzel, R., Khan, F., & North, C. S. (2017). Development and implementation of a universal suicide risk screening program in a safety-net hospital system. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety.
Wilson, N. J. (2017). The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Validation for use as a screen for suicide risk in New Zealand prisons and probation settings. The New Zealand Corrections Journal, Vol. 5 Issue 2.
Omolewa, P., & Tribble, K. L. The Impact of C-SSRS (Columbia-Suicidal Severity Rating Scale) Usage on Quality of Care in John George Psychiatric Hospital (San Leandro, CA): a Medical Care Evaluation Study.
Chang, B. P., & Tan, T. M. (2015). Suicide screening tools and their association with near-term adverse events in the ED. The American journal of emergency medicine, 33(11), 1680-1683. [self-report screener]

C-SSRS Self-Report

(“paper” non-adaptive version, not eC-SSRS)

Roaten, K., Johnson, C., Genzel, R., Khan, F., & North, C. S. (2017). Development and implementation of a universal suicide risk screening program in a safety-net hospital system. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety.
DeVylder, J. E., Jahn, D. R., Doherty, T., Wilson, C. S., Wilcox, H. C., Schiffman, J., & Hilimire, M. R. (2015). Social and psychological contributions to the co-occurrence of sub-threshold psychotic experiences and suicidal behavior.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 1-12. [study adapted self-report]
Viguera, A. C., Milano, N., Laurel, R., Thompson, N. R., Griffith, S. D., Baldessarini, R. J., & Katzan, I. L. (2015). Comparison of electronic screening for suicidal risk with the Patient Health Questionnaire Item 9 and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale in an outpatient psychiatric clinic.Psychosomatics, 56(5), 460-469.
Nock, M. K., Ursano, R. J., Heeringa, S. G., Stein, M. B., Jain, S., Raman, R., … & Gilman, S. E. (2015). Mental disorders, comorbidity, and pre‐enlistment suicidal behavior among new soldiers in the US Army: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (Army STARRS). Suicide and life-threatening behavior, 45(5), 588-599.
Chang, B. P., & Tan, T. M. (2015). Suicide screening tools and their association with near-term adverse events in the ED. The American journal of emergency medicine, 33(11), 1680-1683. [self-report screener]
Katz, I., Barry, C. N., Cooper, S. A., Kasprow, W. J., & Hoff, R. A. (2019). Use of the Columbia‐Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C‐SSRS) in a large sample of Veterans receiving mental health services in the Veterans Health Administration. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior. [self-report screener]

Table 3: The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS): Diagnostic and Treatment-Monitoring Effectiveness

C-SSRS Training and Quality Improvement Program Evaluations

Fesi, J. D., Morrison, S. U. (2018, 04). Guardians At the Gate: Evaluating Suicide Risk Assessment Training in the United States Marine Corps. 2018 American Association of Suicidology 51^st Annual Conference, Washington D.C.
Mirick, R. G., Bridger, J., McCauley, J., & Berkowitz, L. (2016). Continuing Education on Suicide Assessment and Crisis Intervention for Social Workers and Other Mental Health Professionals: A Follow-Up Study. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 36(4), 363-379.
Mirick, R., McCauley, J., Bridger, J., & Berkowitz, L. (2015). Continuing education on suicide assessment and crisis intervention: what can we learn about the needs of mental health professionals in community practice? Community mental health journal, 1-10.
Soffer et al (2022) Assessing Suicide Risk in a Pediatric Outpatient Behavioral Health System: A Quality Improvement Report. Pediatr Qual Saf, 7(3).
Latif, F., Patel, S., Badolato, G., McKinley, K., Chan-Salcedo, C., Bannerman, R., … & Robb, A. S. (2020). Improving youth suicide risk screening and assessment in a pediatric hospital setting by using the joint commission guidelines. Hospital Pediatrics, 10(10), 884-892.
Epilepsy: Rani, R. A., Razali, R., Hod, R., Mohamad, K., Rani, S. A. M., Wan Yahya, W. N. N., … & Tan, H. J. (2014). Suicidal ideation amongst epilepsy patients in a tertiary centre. Neurology Asia, 19(2).
Emerson, B. L., Setzer, E., Blake, E., & Siew, L. (2022). Improving Quality and Efficiency in Pediatric Emergency Department Behavioral Health Care. Pediatric Quality & Safety, 7(1).

Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Carter, T., Walker, G. M., Aubeeluck, A., & Manning, J. C. (2019). Assessment tools of immediate risk of self-harm and suicide in children and young people: a scoping review. Journal of child health care, 23(2), 178-199.
Scudder A, Rosin R, Baltich Nelson B, Boudreaux ED, Larkin C. (2022) Suicide Screening Tools for Pediatric Emergency Department Patients: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry. 2022 Jul 12;13.

Harris, I. M., Beese, S., & Moore, D. (2019). Predicting future self-harm or suicide in adolescents: a systematic review of risk assessment scales/tools. BMJ open, 9(9).
Riblet, N. B., Matsunaga, S., Lee, Y., Young-Xu, Y., Shiner, B., Schnurr, P. P., … & Watts, B. V. (2022). Tools to detect risk of death by suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 84(1), 43891.

Campos, A. I., Van Velzen, L. S., Veltman, D. J., Pozzi, E., Ambrogi, S., Ballard, E. D., … & Rentería, M. E. (2021). Concurrent validity and reliability of suicide risk assessment instruments: A meta-analysis of 20 instruments across 27 international cohorts. medRxiv.

C-SSRS Representative Publications: Demographic and Clinical Populations, Settings, Treatment Efficacy and Assessment Guidelines

Pediatric Populations by Age Group

Ages 5-11

Glennon, J., Purper-Ouakil, D., Bakker, M., Zuddas, A., Hoekstra, P., Schulze, U., … & Coghill, D. (2014). Paediatric European Risperidone Studies (PERS): context, rationale, objectives, strategy, and challenges. European child & adolescent psychiatry,23(12), 1149-1160. [also includes 12-17.5 age group]
Proskurina, T., Mykhailova, E., Matkovska, T., Reshetovska, N., & Matkovska, A. (2016). Clinical and psychopathological risk factors for the development of recurrent depression in children at puberty. European Psychiatry, 33, S145-S146.
Sheftall, A. H., Vakil, F., Armstrong, S. E., Rausch, J. R., Feng, X., Kerns, K. A., … & Bridge, J. A. (2021). Clinical risk factors, emotional reactivity/regulation and suicidal ideation in elementary school-aged children. Journal of psychiatric research, 138, 360-365.

Ages 6-12

Buchanan, J., Burke, T., Camacho, K., Yershova, K., Lazzaretto, D., Posner, K. (2013) Preschool Bullying and Victimization as Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in School Age: 6-year Follow-Up of the Preschool Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Study (PATS). 1^st Annual Meeting of the International Academy for Suicide Research, Montreal, Canada.
Childress, A. C., Wigal, S. B., Brams, M. N., Turnbow, J. M., Pincus, Y., Belden, H. W., & Berry, S. A. (2018). Efficacy and safety of amphetamine extended-release oral suspension in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 28(5), 306-313.

Ages 6-17

Glennon, J., Purper-Ouakil, D., Bakker, M., Zuddas, A., Hoekstra, P., Schulze, U., … & PERS Consortium. (2014). Paediatric European Risperidone Studies (PERS): context, rationale, objectives, strategy, and challenges.European child & adolescent psychiatry, 23(12), 1149-1160.
Sangal, R. B., Blumer, J. L., Lankford, D. A., Grinnell, T. A., & Huang, H. (2014). Eszopiclone for insomnia associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics, 134(4), e1095-e1103.
Latif, F., Patel, S., Badolato, G., McKinley, K., Chan-Salcedo, C., Bannerman, R., … & Robb, A. S. (2020). Improving youth suicide risk screening and assessment in a pediatric hospital setting by using the joint commission guidelines. Hospital Pediatrics, 10(10), 884-892.

Ages 6-18

Wigal, S. B., Nordbrock, E., Adjei, A. L., Childress, A., Kupper, R. J., & Greenhill, L. (2015). Efficacy of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules (Aptensio XR™) in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind Study. CNS drugs,29(4), 331-340.

Ages 7-13

Weinstein, S. M., Henry, D. B., Katz, A. C., Peters, A. T., & West, A. E. (2015). Treatment moderators of child-and family-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for pediatric bipolar disorder.Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(2), 116-125.

Ages 7-17

Strawn, J. R., Prakash, A., Zhang, Q., Pangallo, B. A., Stroud, C. E., Cai, N., & Findling, R. L. (2015). A randomized, placebo-controlled study of duloxetine for the treatment of children and adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(4), 283-293.
Emslie, G. J., Prakash, A., Zhang, Q., Pangallo, B. A., Bangs, M. E., & March, J. S. (2014). A double-blind efficacy and safety study of duloxetine fixed doses in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 24(4), 170-179.
Prakash, A., Lobo, E., Kratochvil, C. J., Tamura, R. N., Pangallo, B. A., Bullok, K. E., … & March, J. S. (2012). An open-label safety and pharmacokinetics study of duloxetine in pediatric patients with major depression.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 22(1), 48-55.

Ages 7-18 (for the pediatric sub-sample; also includes studies with adults)

Gibbons, R. D., Brown, C. H., Hur, K., Davis, J. M., & Mann, J. J. (2012). Suicidal thoughts and behavior with antidepressant treatment: reanalysis of the randomized placebo-controlled studies of fluoxetine and venlafaxine.Archives of general psychiatry, 69(6), 580-587.

Ages 8-12

Davis, N. O., Bower, J., Kollins, S. H. (2018). Proof-of-concept study of an at-home, engaging, digital intervention for pediatric ADHD. PLoS ONE, 13(1).
Soffer SL, Lewis J, Lawrence OS, Marroquin YA, Doupnik SK, Benton TD. (2022) Assessing Suicide Risk in a Pediatric Outpatient Behavioral Health System: A Quality Improvement Report. Pediatr Qual Saf. Jun 14;7(3) [mean age 10.6 years; median 14.7 years; range 8.6 to 20.8]
Flamarique, I., Santosh, P., Zuddas, A. et al.Development and psychometric properties of the Suicidality: Treatment Occurring in Paediatrics (STOP) Suicidality Assessment Scale (STOP-SAS) in children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 16, 213 (2016). [8-11 group and 12-17 group]

Ages 10-18

Scott, M., Underwood, M., & Lamis, D. A. (2015). Suicide and Related-Behavior Among Youth Involved in the Juvenile Justice System.Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 32(6), 517-527.
Jakobsen, I. S., Larsen, K. J., & Horwood, J. L. (2017). Suicide Risk Assessment in Adolescents–C-SSRS, K10, and READ. Crisis.

Ages 11-17

Goodyer, I. M., Tsancheva, S., Byford, S., Dubicka, B., Hill, J., Kelvin, R., … & Wilkinson, P. (2011). Improving mood with psychoanalytic and cognitive therapies (IMPACT): a pragmatic effectiveness superiority trial to investigate whether specialised psychological treatment reduces the risk for relapse in adolescents with moderate to severe unipolar depression: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 12(1), 175.

Ages 12-17

Crandal, B. R., Aguinaldo, L. D., Carter, C., Billman, G. F., Sanderson, K., & Kuelbs, C. (2022). Opportunities for Early Identification: Implementing Universal Depression Screening with a Pathway to Suicide Risk Screening in a Pediatric Health Care System. The Journal of Pediatrics, 241, 29-35.
Findling, R. L., Cutler, A. J., Saylor, K., Gasior, M., Hamdani, M., Ferreira-Cornwell, M. C., & Childress, A. C. (2013). A long-term open-label safety and effectiveness trial of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.J of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 23(1), 11-21.
Findling, R.L., A. Robb, and A. Bose, Escitalopram in the treatment of adolescent depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled extension trial. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol, 2013. 23(7): p. 468-80.
Emslie, G. J., Ventura, D., Korotzer, A., & Tourkodimitris, S. (2009). Escitalopram in the treatment of adolescent depression: a randomized placebo-controlled multisite trial.Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(7), 721-729.

Ages 12-17.5

Glennon, J., Purper-Ouakil, D., Bakker, M., Zuddas, A., Hoekstra, P., Schulze, U., … & Coghill, D. (2014). Paediatric European Risperidone Studies (PERS): context, rationale, objectives, strategy, and challenges. European child & adolescent psychiatry,23(12), 1149-1160.

Ages 12-18

Posner, K., Brown, G. K., Stanley, B., Brent, D. A., Yershova, K. V., Oquendo, M. A., … & Mann, J. J. (2011). The Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale: initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults.American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(12), 1266-1277.
Brent, D., Emslie, G., Clarke, G., Asarnow, J., Spirito, A., Ritz, L., … & Keller, M. (2009). Predictors of spontaneous and systematically assessed suicidal adverse events in the treatment of SSRI-resistant depression in adolescents (TORDIA) study.American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(4), 418-426.
Brent, D. A., Greenhill, L. L., Compton, S., Emslie, G., Wells, K., Walkup, J. T., … & Turner, J. B. (2009). The Treatment of Adolescent Suicide Attempters study (TASA): predictors of suicidal events in an open treatment trial.Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(10), 987-996.
Patel A, Watts C, Shiddell S, Couch K, Smith AM, Moran MJ, Conners GP. Universal Adolescent Suicide Screening in a Pediatric Urgent Care Center. Arch Suicide Res. 2018 Jan-Mar;22(1):118-127 [ages 12-19]
Gunes A, Kilincaslan A, Eskin M (2015). Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale Among 12-18 year-old adolescents in Turkey. AACAP 62nd Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.

Ages 13-17

King, C. A., Jiang, Q., Czyz, E. K., & Kerr, D. C. (2014). Suicidal ideation of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents has one-year predictive validity for suicide attempts in girls only.Journal of abnormal child psychology, 42(3), 467-477.
Gipson, P. Y., Agarwala, P., Opperman, K. J., Horwitz, A., & King, C. A. (2014). Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Predictive Validity with Adolescent Psychiatric Emergency Patients.Pediatric emergency care, 31:2, 88-93.
Rabinovitch, S. M., Kerr, D. C., Leve, L. D., & Chamberlain, P. (2014). Suicidal behavior outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: Longitudinal study of adjudicated girls.Suicide and life-threatening behavior.
Pestian, J. P., Grupp‐Phelan, J., Bretonnel Cohen, K., Meyers, G., Richey, L. A., Matykiewicz, P., & Sorter, M. T. (2016). A controlled trial using natural language processing to examine the language of suicidal adolescents in the emergency department. Suicide and life-threatening behavior, 46(2), 154-159.

Ages 13-19

Croarkin, P. E., Nakonezny, P. A., Deng, Z. D., Romanowicz, M., Voort, J. L. V., Camsari, D. D., … & Lewis, C. P. (2018). High-frequency repetitive TMS for suicidal ideation in adolescents with depression. Journal of affective disorders, 239, 282-290.

Ages 14-19

Kondo, D. G., Sung, Y. H., Hellem, T. L., Fiedler, K. K., Shi, X., Jeong, E. K., & Renshaw, P. F. (2011). Open-label adjunctive creatine for female adolescents with SSRI-resistant major depressive disorder: a 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.Journal of affective disorders, 135(1), 354-361.
Kaplow, J. B., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., Burch, B. N., & King, C. A. (2014). Emotional suppression mediates the relation between adverse life events and adolescent suicide: Implications for prevention.Prevention Science, 15(2), 177-185.
King, C. A., Berona, J., Czyz, E., Horwitz, A. G., & Gipson, P. Y. (2015). Identifying Adolescents at Highly Elevated Risk for Suicidal Behavior in the Emergency Department.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology.
Hooper Weatherly, A. (2019). Effectiveness of Two Psychiatric Screening Tools for Adolescent Suicide Risk. Pediatric Nursing, 45(4).

Studies with Adolescents and Young Adults

Ages 13-25

Czyz, E. K., Horwitz, A. G., Arango, A., Cole-Lewis, Y., Berona, J., & King, C. A. (2016). Coping with suicidal urges among youth seen in a psychiatric emergency department. Psychiatry research, 241, 175-181.

Ages 14-39

Lucas, M. S., Brawner, B. M., Hardie, T. L., Beacham, B., Paidipati, C., Diaz, M., … & Deatrick, J. A. (2015, September). Assessing Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors Among Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors and Their Mothers During Sociobehavioral Research. InOncology nursing forum (Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. E319-29).

Ages 15-20

Gray, K. M., Carpenter, M. J., Lewis, A. L., Klintworth, E. M., & Upadhyaya, H. P. (2012). Varenicline versus bupropion XL for smoking cessation in older adolescents: A randomized, double-blind pilot trial.Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 14(2), 234-239.

Ages 15-24

Horwitz, A. G., Czyz, E. K., & King, C. A. (2015). Predicting future suicide attempts among adolescent and emerging adult psychiatric emergency patients.Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44:5, 751-761.

Ages 20-22

Cáceda, R., Durand, D., Cortes, E., Prendes-Alvarez, S., Moskovciak, T., Harvey, P. D., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2014). Impulsive choice and psychological pain in acutely suicidal depressed patients.Psychosomatic medicine, 76(6), 445-451.

Demographic Groups

Asian Americans

Maru, M., Saraiya, T., Lee, C.S., Meghani, O., Hien, D. and Hahm, H.C., 2018. The relationship between intimate partner violence and suicidal ideation among young Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese American women. Women & Therapy, pp.1-17.

School Protocols

Stargell, N. A, Zoldan C. A., Kress, V. E., Walker-Andrews, M., and Whisenhunt, J. L. (2017). Student Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: A Protocol for School Counselors (Conceptual). Professional School Counseling, 21(1), 37-46.

Medical Specialties

Neurology

Hesdorffer, D. C., French, J. A., Posner, K., DiVentura, B., Pollard, J. R., Sperling, M. R., & Kanner, A. M. (2013). “Suicidal ideation and behavior screening in intractable focal epilepsy eligible for drug trials.” Epilepsia, 1-9.
Pereira, A., Gitlin, M. J., Gross, R. A., Posner, K., & Dworkin, R. H. (2013). “Suicidality associated with antiepileptic drugs: Implications for the treatment of neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia.” PAIN®, 154(3), 345-349.
Skljarevski, V., Zhang, S., Desaiah, D., Alaka, K. J., Palacios, S., Miazgowski, T., & Patrick, K. (2010). Duloxetine versus placebo in patients with chronic low back pain: a 12-week, fixed-dose, randomized, double-blind trial. The Journal of Pain, 11(12), 1282-1290.
Legarreta, M., Bueler, E., DiMuzio, J., McGlade, E. and Yurgelun-Todd, D., 2018. Suicide Behavior and Chronic Pain: An Exploration of Pain-Related Catastrophic Thinking, Disability, and Descriptions of the Pain Experience. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 206(3), pp.217-222.
Dale, M., & van Duijn, E. (2015). Anxiety in Huntington’sThe Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 27(4), 262-271.
van Duijn, E., Vrijmoeth, E. M., Giltay, E. J., Landwehrmeyer, G. B., & Registry investigators of the European Huntington’s Disease Network. (2018). Suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior according to the C-SSRS in a European cohort of Huntington’s disease gene expansion carriers. Journal of affective disorders, 228, 194-204.
Elfil, M., Ahmed, N., Alapati, A., Bahekar, R., Kandil, M., Kim, C., … & Louis, E. D. (2019). Suicidal risk and demoralization in Parkinson disease. Journal of neurology, 1-9.

Oncology

Lucas, M. S., Brawner, B. M., Hardie, T. L., Beacham, B., Paidipati, C., Diaz, M., … & Deatrick, J. A. (2015, September). Assessing Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors Among Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors and Their Mothers During Sociobehavioral Research. InOncology nursing forum (Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. E319-29).

Psoriasis

Pompili, M., Innamorati, M., Forte, A., Erbuto, D., Lamis, D. A., Narcisi, A., … & Bellini, S. (2017). Psychiatric comorbidity and suicidal ideation in psoriasis, melanoma and allergic disorders. International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice, 21(3), 209-214.

Psychiatric Conditions

Alzheimer’s

Nave, S., Doody, R. S., Boada, M., Grimmer, T., Savola, J. M., Delmar, P., … & Ricci, B. (2017). Sembragiline in Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial (MAyflOwer RoAD). Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, (Preprint), 1-12.
Delnomdedieu, M., Duvvuri, S., Li, D. J., Atassi, N., Lu, M., Brashear, H. R., … & Kupiec, J. W. (2016). First-In-Human safety and long-term exposure data for AAB-003 (PF-05236812) and biomarkers after intravenous infusions of escalating doses in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.Alzheimer’s research & therapy, 8(1), 12.
Kim, S. Y., Choi, S. H., Rollema, H., Schwam, E. M., McRae, T., Dubrava, S., & Jacobsen, J. (2013). Phase II crossover trial of varenicline in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’sDementia and geriatric cognitive disorders,37(3-4), 232-245.

ADHD

Wigal, S. B., Nordbrock, E., Adjei, A. L., Childress, A., Kupper, R. J., & Greenhill, L. (2015). Efficacy of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules (Aptensio XR™) in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A phase III, randomized, double-blind study. CNS drugs, 29(4), 331-340.
Sangal, R. B., Blumer, J. L., Lankford, D. A., Grinnell, T. A., & Huang, H. (2014). Eszopiclone for insomnia associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics, 134(4), e1095-e1103.
Davis, N. O., Bower, J., Kollins, S. H. (2018). Proof-of-concept study of an at-home, engaging, digital intervention for pediatric ADHD. PLoS ONE, 13(1).

Alcohol

Khemiri, L., Jokinen, J., Runeson, B., & Jayaram-Lindström, N. (2016). Suicide risk associated with experience of violence and impulsivity in alcohol dependent patients. Scientific reports, 6, 19373.

Autism

Danforth, A. L., Struble, C. M., Yazar-Klosinski, B., & Grob, C. S. (2015). MDMA-assisted therapy: A new treatment model for social anxiety in autistic adults. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.

Bipolar Depression

Harvey, P. D., Siever, L. J., Huang, G. D., Muralidhar, S., Zhao, H., Miller, P., … & Brophy, M. (2014). The genetics of functional disability in schizophrenia and bipolar illness: methods and initial results for VA cooperative study# 572.American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 165(4), 381-389.
Earley, W., Durgam, S., Lu, K., Debelle, M., Laszlovszky, I., Vieta, E., & Yatham, L. N. (2017). Tolerability of Cariprazine in the Treatment of Acute Bipolar I Mania: A Pooled Post Hoc Analysis of 3 Phase II/III Studies.Journal of Affective Disorders.
Weinstein, S. M., Henry, D. B., Katz, A. C., Peters, A. T., & West, A. E. (2015). Treatment moderators of child-and family-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for pediatric bipolar disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(2), 116-125.

Complicated Grief

Supiano, K. P., & Luptak, M. (2013). Complicated grief in older adults: A randomized controlled trial of complicated grief group therapy. The Gerontologist, 54(5), 840-856. (6-item screener version)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Strawn, J. R., Prakash, A., Zhang, Q., Pangallo, B. A., Stroud, C. E., Cai, N., & Findling, R. L. (2015). A randomized, placebo-controlled study of duloxetine for the treatment of children and adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(4), 283-293.

Perinatal/Postpartum Depression

Kanes, S. J., Colquhoun, H., Doherty, J., Raines, S., Hoffmann, E., Rubinow, D. R., & Meltzer‐Brody, S. (2017). Open‐label, proof‐of‐concept study of brexanolone in the treatment of severe postpartum depression.Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 32(2).
Kim, J. J., Silver, R. K., Elue, R., Adams, M. G., La Porte, L. M., Cai, L., … & Gibbons, R. D. (2016). The experience of depression, anxiety, and mania among perinatal women. Archives of women’s mental health, 19(5), 883-890.
Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., Cox, D. W., Fritz, E. C., & George, B. J. (2011). An evidence-informed guide for working with military women and veterans. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(1), 1.

Psychosis/Schizophrenia

DeVylder, J. E., Jahn, D. R., Doherty, T., Wilson, C. S., Wilcox, H. C., Schiffman, J., & Hilimire, M. R. (2015). Social and psychological contributions to the co-occurrence of sub-threshold psychotic experiences and suicidal behavior.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 1-12. [young adult SELF-REPORT CSSRS]
Harvey, P. D., Siever, L. J., Huang, G. D., Muralidhar, S., Zhao, H., Miller, P., … & Brophy, M. (2014). The genetics of functional disability in schizophrenia and bipolar illness: methods and initial results for VA cooperative study# 572.American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 165(4), 381-389.
Hettige, N. C., Bani-Fatemi, A., Kennedy, J. L., & De Luca, V. (2017). Assessing the risk for suicide in schizophrenia according to migration, ethnicity and geographical ancestry.BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), 63.

PTSD

Legarreta, M., Graham, J., North, L., Bueler, C. E., McGlade, E., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2015). DSM–5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms associated with suicide behaviors in veterans. Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice, and policy, 7(3), 277.

Sleep

Ellis, T. E., Rufino, K. A., & Nadorff, M. R. (2017). Treatment of Nightmares in Psychiatric Inpatients With Imagery Rehearsal Therapy: An Open Trial and Case Series.Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 1-14.
Sangal, R. B., Blumer, J. L., Lankford, D. A., Grinnell, T. A., & Huang, H. (2014). Eszopiclone for insomnia associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics, 134(4), e1095-e1103.

Healthcare Systems

Rossom, R. C., Simon, G. E., Beck, A., Ahmedani, B. K., Steinfeld, B., Trangle, M., & Solberg, L. (2016). Facilitating Action for Suicide Prevention by Learning Health Care Systems.Psychiatric Services.

Outpatient Settings

Outpatient Psychiatry

Viguera, A. C., Milano, N., Laurel, R., Thompson, N. R., Griffith, S. D., Baldessarini, R. J., & Katzan, I. L. (2015). Comparison of electronic screening for suicidal risk with the Patient Health Questionnaire Item 9 and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale in an outpatient psychiatric clinic.Psychosomatics, 56(5), 460-469.

Integrated Primary Care

Kearney, L. K., Wray, L. O., Dollar, K. M., & King, P. R. (2015). Establishing Measurement-based Care in Integrated Primary Care: Monitoring Clinical Outcomes Over Time.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings, 22(4), 213-227.

Veterans

Zisook, S., Tal, I., Weingart, K., Hicks, P., Davis, L. L., Chen, P., … & Pilkinton, P. D. (2016). Characteristics of US Veteran Patients with Major Depressive Disorder who require “next-step” treatments: A VAST-D report.Journal of Affective Disorders, 206, 232-240.
Legarreta, M., Graham, J., North, L., Bueler, C. E., McGlade, E., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2015). DSM–5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms associated with suicide behaviors in veterans. Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice, and policy, 7(3), 277.
Harvey, P. D., Siever, L. J., Huang, G. D., Muralidhar, S., Zhao, H., Miller, P., … & Brophy, M. (2014). The genetics of functional disability in schizophrenia and bipolar illness: methods and initial results for VA cooperative study# 572.American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 165(4), 381-
Legarreta, M., Graham, J., North, L., Bueler, C. E., McGlade, E., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2015). DSM–5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms associated with suicide behaviors in veterans. Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice, and policy, 7(3), 277.
Goodman, M., Banthin, D., Blair, N. J., Mascitelli, K. A., Wilsnack, J., Chen, J., … & New, A. S. (2016). A randomized trial of dialectical behavior therapy in high-risk suicidal veterans. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 77(12), 4031.
Kimbrel, N. A., DeBeer, B. B., Meyer, E. C., Gulliver, S. B., & Morissette, S. B. (2016). Nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide attempts in Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans. Psychiatry research, 243, 232-237.
Reist, C., Mee, S., Fujimoto, K., Rajani, V., Bunney, W. E., & Bunney, B. G. (2017). Assessment of psychological pain in suicidal veterans. PloS one, 12(5), e0177974.
Pigeon, W. R., Funderburk, J., Bishop, T. M., & Crean, H. F. (2017). Brief cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia delivered to depressed veterans receiving primary care services: a pilot study. Journal of affective disorders, 217, 105-111.
DeBeer, B. B., Meyer, E. C., Kimbrel, N. A., Kittel, J. A., Gulliver, S. B., & Morissette, S. B. (2018). Psychological inflexibility predicts of suicidal ideation over time in veterans of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Suicide and Life‐threatening Behavior, 48(6), 627-641.
Sheth, C., Prescot, A., Bueler, E., DiMuzio, J., Legarreta, M., Renshaw, P. F., … & McGlade, E. (2018). Alterations in anterior cingulate cortex myoinositol and aggression in veterans with suicidal behavior: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 276, 24-32.
Yesavage, J. A., Fairchild, J. K., Mi, Z., Biswas, K., Davis-Karim, A., Phibbs, C. S., … & VA Cooperative Studies Program Study Team. (2018). Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on treatment-resistant major depression in US veterans: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 75(9), 884-893.
Hwang, J., Legarreta, M., Bueler, C. E., DiMuzio, J., McGlade, E., Lyoo, I. K., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2018). Increased efficiency of brain connectivity networks in veterans with suicide attempts. Neuroimage: clinical, 20, 318-326.
Kachadourian, L. K., Gandelman, E., Ralevski, E., & Petrakis, I. L. (2018). Suicidal ideation in military veterans with alcohol dependence and PTSD: The role of hostility. The American journal on addictions, 27(2), 124-130.
Kopacz, M. S., Crean, H. F., L. Park, C., & Hoff, R. A. (2018). Religious coping and suicide risk in a sample of recently returned veterans. Archives of suicide research, 22(4), 615-627.
Kimbrel, N. A., Meyer, E. C., DeBeer, B. B., Gulliver, S. B., & Morissette, S. B. (2018). The impact of cannabis use disorder on suicidal and nonsuicidal self‐injury in Iraq/Afghanistan‐era veterans with and without mental health disorders. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 48(2), 140-148.
Harvey, P. D., Posner, K., Rajeevan, N., Yershova, K. V., Aslan, M., & Concato, J. (2018). Suicidal ideation and behavior in US veterans with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Journal of psychiatric research, 102, 216-222.
Matarazzo, B. B., Brown, G. K., Stanley, B., Forster, J. E., Billera, M., Currier, G. W., … & Brenner, L. A. (2019). Predictive validity of the columbia‐suicide severity rating scale among a cohort of at‐risk veterans. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 49(5), 1255-1265.
Hoffmire, C. A., Monteith, L. L., Holliday, R., Park, C. L., Brenner, L. A., & Hoff, R. A. (2019). Administrative Military Discharge and Suicidal Ideation Among Post–9/11 Veterans. American journal of preventive medicine, 56(5), 727-735.
Law, K. C., Allan, N. P., Kolnogorova, K., & Stecker, T. (2019). An examination of PTSD symptoms and their effects on suicidal ideation and behavior in non-treatment seeking veterans. Psychiatry research, 274, 12-19.
Chesin, M., Interian, A., Kline, A., Hill, L. S., King, A., Miller, R., … & Stanley, B. (2019). Past-year opioid misuse and suicide attempt are positively associated in high suicide risk veterans who endorse past-year substance use. Addictive behaviors, 99, 106064.
Bishop, T. M., Crean, H. F., Hoff, R. A., & Pigeon, W. R. (2019). Suicidal ideation among recently returned veterans and its relationship to insomnia and depression. Psychiatry research, 276, 250-261.
Katz, I., Barry, C. N., Cooper, S. A., Kasprow, W. J., & Hoff, R. A. (2020). Use of the Columbia‐Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C‐SSRS) in a large sample of Veterans receiving mental health services in the Veterans Health Administration. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(1), 111-121.
Aslan, M., Radhakrishnan, K., Rajeevan, N., Sueiro, M., Goulet, J. L., Li, Y., … & Harvey, P. D. (2020). Suicidal ideation, behavior, and mortality in male and female US veterans with severe mental illness. Journal of affective disorders, 267, 144-152.
Szpunar, M. J., Crawford, J. N., Baca, S. A., & Lang, A. J. (2020). Suicidal ideation in pregnant and postpartum women veterans: an initial clinical needs assessment. Military medicine, 185(1-2), e105-e111.
Simon, N. M., Hoeppner, S. S., Lubin, R. E., Robinaugh, D. J., Malgaroli, M., Norman, S. B., … & Rauch, S. A. (2020). Understanding the impact of complicated grief on combat related posttraumatic stress disorder, guilt, suicide, and functional impairment in a clinical trial of post‐9/11 service members and veterans. Depression and anxiety, 37(1), 63-72.
Hoffmire, C. A., Monteith, L. L., Forster, J. E., Bernhard, P. A., Blosnich, J. R., Vogt, D., … & Schneiderman, A. I. (2021). Gender differences in lifetime prevalence and onset timing of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among post-9/11 veterans and nonveterans. Medical care, 59, S84-S91.
Blosnich, J. R., Garfin, D. R., Maguen, S., Vogt, D., Dichter, M. E., Hoffmire, C. A., … & Schneiderman, A. (2021). Differences in childhood adversity, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt among veterans and nonveterans. American Psychologist, 76(2), 284.

Forensic Settings

SEE ALSO “JUVENILE JUSTICE”
Wilson, N. J. (2017). The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Validation for use as a screen for suicide risk in New Zealand prisons and probation settings. Practice, 5(2).

Juvenile Justice

Kerr, D. C., Gibson, B., Leve, L. D., & DeGarmo, D. S. (2014). Young adult follow‐up of adolescent girls in juvenile justice using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale.Suicide and life-threatening behavior, 44(2), 113-129.
Kerr, D. C., DeGarmo, D. S., Leve, L. D., & Chamberlain, P. (2014). Juvenile justice girls’ depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation 9 years after multidimensional treatment foster care.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(4), 684.
Rabinovitch, S. M., Kerr, D. C., Leve, L. D., & Chamberlain, P. (2014). Suicidal behavior outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: Longitudinal study of adjudicated girls.Suicide and life-threatening behavior.
Scott, M., Underwood, M., & Lamis, D. A. (2015). Suicide and Related-Behavior Among Youth Involved in the Juvenile Justice System.Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 32(6), 517-527.

Emergency Departments

Patel, A., Watts, C., Shiddell, S., Couch, K., Smith, A. M., Moran, M. J., & Conners, G. P. (2017). Universal adolescent suicide screening in a pediatric urgent care Archives of suicide research, 1-10.
Pestian, J. P., Grupp‐Phelan, J., Bretonnel Cohen, K., Meyers, G., Richey, L. A., Matykiewicz, P., & Sorter, M. T. (2016). A controlled trial using natural language processing to examine the language of suicidal adolescents in the emergency department. Suicide and life-threatening behavior, 46(2), 154-159.
Czyz, E. K., Horwitz, A. G., Arango, A., Cole-Lewis, Y., Berona, J., & King, C. A. (2016). Coping with suicidal urges among youth seen in a psychiatric emergency Psychiatry research, 241, 175-181.
Arias, S. A., Miller, I., Camargo Jr, C. A., Sullivan, A. F., Goldstein, A. B., Allen, M. H., … & Boudreaux, E. D. (2015). Factors Associated with Suicide Outcomes 12 Months After Screening Positive for Suicide Risk in the Emergency Department. Psychiatric Services.
Brown, G. K., Currier, G. W., Jager-Hyman, S., & Stanley, B. (2015). Detection and classification of suicidal behavior and nonsuicidal self-injury behavior in emergency departments. The Journal of clinical psychiatry,76(10), 1-478.
Horwitz, A. G., Czyz, E. K., & King, C. A. (2015). Predicting future suicide attempts among adolescent and emerging adult psychiatric emergency patients. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44(5), 751-761.
King, C. A., Berona, J., Czyz, E., Horwitz, A. G., & Gipson, P. Y. (2015). Identifying adolescents at highly elevated risk for suicidal behavior in the emergency Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 25(2), 100-108.
Gipson, P. Y., Agarwala, P., Opperman, K. J., Horwitz, A., & King, C. A. (2015). Columbia-suicide severity rating scale: predictive validity with adolescent psychiatric emergency patients. Pediatric emergency care, 31(2), 88-94.
Lim, M., Kim, S. W., Nam, Y. Y., Moon, E., Yu, J., Lee, S., … & Ahn, Y. M. (2014). Reasons for desiring death: examining causative factors of suicide attempters treated in emergency rooms in Korea. Journal of affective disorders, 168, 349-356.
Ducasse, D., René, E., Béziat, S., Guillaume, S., Courtet, P., & Olié, E. (2014). Acceptance and commitment therapy for management of suicidal patients: a pilot study. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 83(6), 374-376.
Boudreaux, E. D., Miller, I., Goldstein, A. B., Sullivan, A. F., Allen, M. H., Manton, A. P., … & Camargo, C. A. (2013). The emergency department safety assessment and follow-up evaluation (ED-SAFE): method and design considerations. Contemporary clinical trials, 36(1), 14-24.
Posner, K., Brown, G. K., Stanley, B., Brent, D. A., Yershova, K. V., Oquendo, M. A., … & Mann, J. J. (2011). The Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale: initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(12), 1266-1277.

In-Patient Psychiatric Settings

Allen, J. G., Fowler, J. C., Madan, A., Ellis, T. E., Oldham, J. M., & Frueh, B. C. (2017). Discovering the impact of psychotherapeutic hospital treatment for adults with serious mental illness. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 81(1), 1-38.
Madan, A., Frueh, B. C., Allen, J. G., Ellis, T. E., Rufino, K. A., Oldham, J. M., & Fowler, J. C. (2016). Psychometric reevaluation of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: findings from a prospective, inpatient cohort of severely mentally ill adults. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 77(7), e867-e873.
Lucas, M. S., Brawner, B. M., Hardie, T. L., Beacham, B., Paidipati, C., Diaz, M., … & Deatrick, J. A. (2015, September). Assessing Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors Among Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors and Their Mothers During Sociobehavioral Research. In Oncology nursing forum (Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. E319-29).
Teti, G. L., Rebok, F., Grndas, L. N., Rodante, D., Fogola, A., & Daray, F. M. (2014). Patients hospitalized for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in a Mental Health Hospital: Clinico-demographical features and 6-month follow-up. Vertex, 25(115), 203-212.
Arias, S. A., Zhang, Z., Hillerns, C., Sullivan, A. F., Boudreaux, E. D., Miller, I., & Camargo, C. A. (2014). Using structured telephone follow‐up assessments to improve suicide‐related adverse event detection. Suicide and life-threatening behavior, 44(5), 537-547.
King, C. A., Jiang, Q., Czyz, E. K., & Kerr, D. C. (2014). Suicidal ideation of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents has one-year predictive validity for suicide attempts in girls only. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 42(3), 467-477.
Cáceda, R., Durand, D., Cortes, E., Prendes-Alvarez, S., Moskovciak, T., Harvey, P. D., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2014). Impulsive choice and psychological pain in acutely suicidal depressed patients. Psychosomatic medicine, 76(6), 445-451.
Ellis, T. E., Rufino, K. A., Allen, J. G., Fowler, J. C., & Jobes, D. A. (2015). Impact of a suicide‐specific intervention within inpatient psychiatric care: the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality. Suicide and life-threatening behavior, 45(5), 556-566.

Mobile Crisis

Muehsam, J. P. (2018). Association between clinical observations and a mobile crisis team’s level of care recommendations. Community Mental Health Journal, 1-7.

Telemedicine

Arias SA, Zhang Z, Hillerns C, Sullivan AF, Boudreaux ED, Miller I, Camargo CA (2014). Using Structured Telephone Follow-up Assessments to Improve Suicide-Related Adverse Event Detection. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior44(5): 537-47.

Treatment Efficacy for Suicidal Outcomes

Ionescu, D. F., Swee, M. B., Pavone, K. J., Taylor, N., Akeju, O., Baer, L., … & Brown, E. N. (2016). Rapid and sustained reductions in current suicidal ideation following repeated doses of intravenous ketamine: secondary analysis of an open-label study.The Journal of clinical psychiatry.
Prakash, A., Lobo, E., Kratochvil, C. J., Tamura, R. N., Pangallo, B. A., Bullok, K. E., Quinlan, T., Emslie, G.J. & March, J. S. (2012). An open-label safety and pharmacokinetics study of duloxetine in pediatric patients with major depression. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 22(1), 48-55.
Croarkin, P. E., Nakonezny, P. A., Deng, Z. D., Romanowicz, M., Voort, J. L. V., Camsari, D. D., … & Lewis, C. P. (2018). High-frequency repetitive TMS for suicidal ideation in adolescents with depression. Journal of affective disorders, 239, 282-290.

Regulatory Guidelines for Treatment & Assessment of Suicidal Outcomes

Wasserman, D., Rihmer, Z., Rujescu, D., Sarchiapone, M., Sokolowski, M., Titelman, D., … & Carli, V. (2012). The European Psychiatric Association (EPA) guidance on suicide treatment and prevention.European Psychiatry, 27(2), 129-141.
US Food and Drug Administration.Suicidal Ideation and Behavior: Prospective Assessment of Occurrence in Clinical Trials.

http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm315156.htm. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2012.

Reviews of Suicide Risk Assessment Tools

Bolton, J. M., Gunnell, D., & Turecki, G. (2015). Suicide risk assessment and intervention in people with mental illness. British Medical Journal, 351(8034).
Posner, K., Buchanan, J., Amira, L., Yershova, K., Lesser, A., Goldstein, E. (2014). Identification and screening of suicide risk. In S. Koslow, C., Nemeroff, P. Ruiz, (eds.), A Concise Guide to Understanding Suicide: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Prevention. Cambridge University Press.

Cross-Cultural Settings

Latin America (Spanish)

Teti, G. L., Rebok, F., Grndas, L. N., Rodante, D., Fogola, A., & Daray, F. M. (2014). Patients hospitalized for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in a Mental Health Hospital: Clinico-demographical features and 6-month follow-up. Vertex, 25(115), 203-212.

Australia

van Spijker, B. A., Calear, A. L., Batterham, P. J., Mackinnon, A. J., Gosling, J. A., Kerkhof, A. J., … & Christensen, H. (2015). Reducing suicidal thoughts in the Australian general population through web-based self-help: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials, 16(1), 589-589.

China

Wang, H., Xue, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, R., Wang, H., Zhang, Y., … & Tan, Q. (2013). Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the prevention of relapse of depression: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials,14(1), 338.

Chile

Núñez, D., Arias, V., Méndez-Bustos, P., & Fresno, A. (2019). Is a brief self-report version of the Columbia severity scale useful for screening suicidal ideation in Chilean adolescents? Comprehensive psychiatry, 88, 39-48.

Croatia

Sisek-Šprem, M. (2012). Demographic characteristics of aggressive patients with schizophrenia.Socijalna psihijatrija, 40(3), 213-220.

Ethiopia

Borba, C. P., Fekadu, A., Teferra, S., Bekele, D., Shibre, T., Oppenheim, C. E., … & Henderson, D. C. (2014). A placebo-controlled trial of folate with B12 in patients with schizophrenia with residual symptoms in Ethiopia using a sequential parallel comparison design.British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 4(23), 4090.

France

Welniarz, B., & Saintoyan, F. (2015). Dépression de l’enfant et de l’adolescent: place du traitement médicamenteux et de l’hospitalisation.Neuropsychiatrie de l’Enfance et de l’Adolescence.

Germany

von Klitzing, K. (2008). Depressionen im Kindes und Jugendalter.Kinder-und Jugendmedizin, 8(1), 18-23.

Hungary

Wasserman, D., Rihmer, Z., Rujescu, D., Sarchiapone, M., Sokolowski, D.T., Zalsman, G., … & Carli, V. (2012). Az Európai Pszichiátriai Szövetség (European Psychiatric Association, EPA) úmutatója az öngyilkosság kezelésére és megelőzésére.Neuropsychopharmacol Hung,14(2), 113-136.

Indonesia

Pratiwi, J., & Undarwati, A. (2014). SUICIDE IDEATION PADA REMAJA DI KOTA SEMARANG. Developmental and Clinical Psychology, 3(1).

India

Pasi, S., Singh, P. K., Pandey, R. K., Dikshit, P. C., Jiloha, R. C., & Rao, V. R. (2015). Evaluation of psychiatric and genetic risk factors among primary relatives of suicide completers in Delhi NCR region, India.Psychiatry research, 229(3), 933-939.
Bansal, K. (2013). Pre- and Post-Psychosocial Factors of Subjects enrolled in Phase-III Oncology Clinical Trials.Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR), 2(5), 312.

Korea

Lim, M., Lee, S., & Park, J. I. (2015). Characteristics of Korean Suicide Attempters.Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 54(2), 209-215.

Lebanon

Zakhour, M., Haddad, C., Sacre, H. et al. Suicidal ideation among Lebanese adults: scale validation and correlates. BMC Psychiatry 21, 100 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03111-7

Spain

Teti, G. L., Rebok, F., Grndas, L. N., Rodante, D., Fogola, A., & Daray, F. M. (2014). Patients hospitalized for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in a Mental Health Hospital: Clinico-demographical features and 6-month follow-up. Vertex, 25(115), 203-212.
Ruiz, V., Torra, M., & Bernardo, M. (2016). Respuesta antipsicótica en trastorno delirante y esquizofrenia: estudio prospectivo de cohortes. Actas Esp Psiquiatr, 44(4), 125-35.
Sáiz, P. A., Rodríguez-Revuelta, J., González-Blanco, L., Burón, P., Al-Halabí, S., Garrido, M., … & Bobes, J. (2014). Protocolo de estudio de un programa para la prevención de la recurrencia del comportamiento suicida basado en el manejo de casos (PSyMAC). Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 7(3), 131-138.

Sri Lanka

Suraweera, C., Hanwella, R., Sivayokan, S., & de Silva, V. (2013). Rating Scales validated for Sri Lankan populations.Sri Lanka J of Psychiatry, 4(2), 16-24.